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Athabaskan fiddle (or fiddle music, fiddling) is the old-time fiddle style which the Alaskan Athabaskans of the Interior Alaska have developed to play the fiddle (violin), solo and in folk ensembles. Fiddles were introduced in this area by Scottish, Irish, French Canadian, and Métis fur traders of the Hudson’s Bay Company in the mid-19th century. Athabaskan fiddling is a variant of fiddling of the American southlands. Athabaskan fiddle music is most popular genre in Alaska and northwest Canada and featuring Gwich'in Bill Stevens (b. 1933, he is an Athabaskan fiddling legend and recipient the Alaska Governor's 2002 Award for the Native Arts) and Trimble Gilbert (b. 1934, also Traditional Chief of Arctic Village).〔〔Mishler, Craig (1999), Athabascan fiddlers and dancers: An alternative musical standard. ''Fiddler Magazine'', 6(2), 4-7.〕 The authoritative study of Alaskan Athabaskan fiddle music is ''The Crooked Stovepipe: Athapaskan Fiddle Music and Square Dancing in Northeast Alaska and Northwest Canada'',〔 by Athabaskanist and ethnomusicologist Craig Mishler (he is an affiliate research professor at the Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks) in 1993.〔Peter Bowers (2009), (Old-time music in Alaska: then and now )〕 ==Origins== In a sense, there are two main beginnings of Alaskan old-time music: the original introduction of fiddle music in 1847, and Alaska’s version of the great folk music revival in the 1970s.〔 In addition to the fiddle music repertoire, which is distinctively Athabaskan fiddlers incorporate country music into their performances, leaving blurred lines of distinction between Athabaskan fiddle music and country music.〔Phyllis Ann Fast (2002). (Northern Athabascan Survival: women, community, & the future )〕 Athabaskan fiddle music has been cultivated in relative isolation from mainstream American country music.〔〔Gregory W. Kimura (2010). (Alaska at 50: The past, present, and puture of Alaska Statehood ). University of Alaska Press.〕 According to several accounts, the first fiddler on the Yukon River was a Hudson’s Bay Company employee named ''Antoine Hoole'', who was among a trading party who established Fort Yukon, Alaska in 1847. His French Canadian influence likely helped spread the Anglo-Celtic music and dance tradition to the local Indians (First Nations and Métis), a rich tradition that continues today as a unique style of old-time music known as Athabaskan fiddle music. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, fiddle music blended with aboriginal singing and dancing and melodic choral singing of hymns introduced by Anglican and Catholic missionaries. This music developed largely in isolation, with only occasional injections of new influences, and today is its own unique style.〔 Athabaskan old-time fiddling music represents a fusion of traditional Athabascan instrumental and vocal music with the songs and violin tunes brought to the region in the late 1840s by Hudson Bay Company traders from their homelands in Scotland, Ireland, the Orkney Islands and French Canada.〔 The popular Gwich'in tune, The Red River Jig, almost certainly came from the Red River area of southern Manitoba. The gold rush such as the Klondike (1896–1899) of Canada and Nome (1899–1909) and Fairbanks (1902–1905) of Alaska in the latter days of the 19th century and early 20th century saw another wave of musical influences as the prospectors' waltzes, jigs, schottisches, fox trots, two steps, and square dances (running sets) were incorporated into this unique musical style.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Athabaskan fiddle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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